One of the basic concepts which is considered in consumer behavior is consumer information process. It includes three factors which are as follows: Perception, Involvement and Memory.In this research, the relationship between involvement and PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE is considered which is kept in long-term memory with attention to moderator variable of the PRODUCT type. In other words, the relationship between involvement and objective KNOWLEDGE, subjective KNOWLEDGE in two types of PRODUCTs are considered which are utilitarian PRODUCT and hedonic PRODUCT. The results show that involvement represents and effected on the changes of KNOWLEDGE, but this effect is different on the basis of various PRODUCT and different types of KNOWLEDGE.

Background and Aim: What constitutes adequate dialysis has been debated in the nephrology literature over the past years. We believed that short and infrequent dialysis session contributed to poor outcome. This result provides additional evidence that (KT/V) in a flawed concept upon which to based the dose dialysis in general. Base on published evidence from many source we proposed a new index of adequacy of hemodialysis to be called hemodialysis PRODUCT (HDP).Materials and Methods: The prospective study was performed on 100 dialysis patient in the Imam hospital dialysis ward in Tehran during 2002. delivered (KT/V) and (HDP) achieved for any patient separated.Results: 100 patients including 44 female and 56 male were studied. Result has shown (KT/V) d≥l in 43% and (KT/V) d<1 in 57%. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d> 1 were ≥36. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d < 1 were < 36. Correlation between (KT/V) d and albumin was significant (p< 0.03, Albumin ≥4mg/dl). Correlation between (KT/V) d and cholesterol, hemoglobin, creatinine were not significant. Correlation between (KT/V) d and HDP was significant (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Finding above has shown that higher weekly delivered (KTN) correlate with dialysis result increase hemodialysis PRODUCT (HDP). More frequent and session dialysis results increase in HDP, provide better weekly (KT/V) d with normal albumin (show good caloric and protein intake).

Consumer behavior involves many activities. Each consumer has thoughts, feelings, plans, decisions and purchases. An observer who looks only at the act of purchase is likely to miss many of the relevant activities.Marketers should find how consumers can gather information about different choices and how they apply such information in selecting competitor’s PRODUCTs, how consumers decide to purchase and why the purchase process and purchase reasons of different consumers are varied.Relative information about consumer’s behavior will be used in predicting and recognizing their activities in the market. Therefore, it is necessary to have complete information about factors affected on buyer’s behavior and their relation with purchase decision.The present research aimed at evaluation of the effect of country-of-origin image, PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE and PRODUCT involvement on consumer purchase decisions. The research model is based on the research model of Lin and Chen 2006 and the main variables were the followings:• Country-of-origin Image• PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE• PRODUCT Involvement• Consumer Purchase Decisions• Information Search Intention• Purchase Intention.Samples were collected from the students of the Islamic Azad University (Tehran Science and Research Branch) and the selective PRODUCT was cell phone. Sample size was 379 respondents and multiple regression analysis was used to test 9 hypotheses.The result showed that the country of origin image, PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE and PRODUCT involvement all have a significantly positive effect on consumer purchase decision.

Background: The current study is to evaluate cardiovascular effects of anesthetic medications and volatile anesthetics on cardiac stress using cardiac stress index (CSI) and rate pressure PRODUCT (RPP) and to determine which of them in useful in evaluating cardiac stress after comparing results obtained from each method.Materials and methods: 40 patients, 60-80 years old, who were all performed trans abdominal prostatectomy were studied. Patients were divided into two groups, half of patients were placed in group A and the other half in group B. The study was carried out as a blinded study. CSI was measured and evaluated in group A and RPP changes were studied in group B.Results: The mean CSI were 60.25±5.57, 63.05±5.54, 55.75±4.78 and 67.65±4.88 before anesthesia induction, after induction, before surgical incision and in recovery respectively. There was no meaningful difference.RPP mean in four above mentioned stages was 10.15±0.44, 9.9±0.69, 6.8±0.36 and 9.2±0.61 respectively. There was a meaningful difference between RPP in stages before anesthesia induction and before surgical incision (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Considering the obtained results from this study, it can be seen that even in noncardiac surgery, the stress level is high in patients in the stage before surgery. This figure was not clear in RPP index case and was not in accordance with CSI, which means CSI has been able to illustrate existing stress level better and efficiently.

Amount of fumonisin B1 in 46 corn samples which were collected preharvest, at harvest and post harvest stages (after drying, befor and after silage) from Golestan province in northern Iran was evaluated. The samples were milled using analytical Romer mill. Fumonisin B1 was extracted with methanol-water (80:20 v/v) solvent, purified by immunoaffmity columns (IACs) and converted to fluorescent derivatives by OPA (Ortho-phetaldehyde).The mycotoxin was quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (Em=335 nm, Exi=440 nm). Standard curve was drawn between 0.3125-40 mg/ml using 6 fumonisin working standards. Validation of the method was estimated by Certified Reference Material (CRM). The percentage mean of recovery obtained using this method was 90.7 %. All samples were contaminated with fumonisin B1, the range of contamination varied from 261 to 6891 ng/g and the mean of contamination was 2658.35 ng/g. There was in significant difference on the contamination of samples at different sampling stages.